How does Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 define physical or mental impairments?

• A. Any illness that requires hospitalization
• B. Any condition that restricts physical mobility
• C. Any exceptionality that qualifies a student for special education services under IDEA
• D. Any condition that substantially limits one or more major life activities

Answer: (D)

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defines physical or mental impairments as any condition that substantially limits one or more major life activities. This encompasses a wide range of disabilities, including but not limited to chronic illnesses, mental conditions, and physical impairments, provided they significantly hinder an individual's ability to perform fundamental activities such as walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working.

The emphasis on "substantially limits" is crucial, as it establishes the threshold for determining whether a condition meets the definition of a disability under this law. This broad definition ensures that individuals who may not qualify for special education under IDEA can still receive accommodations and support in educational settings, thereby promoting equal access and opportunities.

Other options present limitations on the understanding of impairments. For instance, simply identifying an illness that requires hospitalization does not capture the full spectrum of conditions that may affect a student in school. A condition that restricts physical mobility may be relevant, but it doesn't address mental health conditions or other impairments. Lastly, while the IDEA provides parameters for special education services, not all students with disabilities are categorized under IDEA, making this distinction important in understanding the protections offered by Section 504.