Which of the following is NOT considered a disability under the IDEA?

• A. Learning disability
• B. Autism spectrum disorder
• C. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• D. Reading difficulties without evaluation

Answer: (D)

The classification of disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) includes specific categories of recognized disabilities that affect a student’s ability to learn and function in a school environment. "Reading difficulties without evaluation" is not included as a disability under IDEA because the law recognizes and provides services for known disabilities that have been formally evaluated and classified.

In order for a student to qualify for special education services under IDEA, there must be evidence of a specific disability that negatively impacts their educational performance, and this typically arises from a comprehensive evaluation conducted by a qualified professional. Without such an evaluation, a claim of reading difficulties cannot be substantiated as a recognized disability. Therefore, reading difficulties, in the absence of a formal assessment, do not meet the criteria set forth in IDEA and are therefore not acknowledged as a disability.

In contrast, the other options—learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD—are all well-defined disabilities under IDEA that significantly impact a student's educational performance and are recognized as needing special educational services. These conditions have established criteria and diagnostic processes that lead to eligibility for support services in educational settings.