Which of the following is an example of an accommodation?

• A. Providing extra time on tests
• B. Changing the curriculum to meet state standards
• C. Lowering expectations for a student's performance
• D. Replacing textbooks with online resources

Answer: (A)

Providing extra time on tests is a clear example of an accommodation because it modifies the testing conditions to support a student's individual learning needs without altering the substance of the test itself. Accommodations are designed to provide students with equal access to learning and assessment, allowing them to demonstrate their knowledge and skills. This approach does not change what a student is expected to learn or the content of the test; instead, it offers the student additional time, which can help alleviate difficulties associated with processing speed or anxiety.

In contrast, changing the curriculum to meet state standards would generally constitute a modification rather than an accommodation, as it alters the educational expectations for the student. Lowering expectations for a student's performance could similarly modify the academic standards without enabling the student to engage with the curriculum in the same way as their peers, which is not what accommodations aim to do. Lastly, replacing textbooks with online resources might provide varied methods of access, but it could also signify a change in the instructional method rather than a straightforward accommodation for test-taking conditions.